8th History ch 6. Civilising the "Native", Educating the Nation

    HISTORY-Ch 8 Civilising the "Native", Educating 

Textbook questions 

Q1. 

William Jones	promotion of English education
Rabindranath Tagore	respect for ancient cultures
Thomas Macaulay	learning in a natural environment
Mahatma Gandhi	gurus
Pathshalas	critical of English educati

Answer:

William jones	Respect for ancient culture
Rabindernath Tagore	Learning in natural environment
Thomas Macaulay	Promotion of english education
Mahatma Gandhi	Critical of English education
Pathshala	Guru

Q2.State weather true or false 

 Answer:

(a) James Mill was a severe critic of the Orientalists. True

(b) The 1854 Despatch on education was in favour of English being introduced as a medium of higher education in India. True

(c) Mahatma Gandhi thought that promotion of literacy was the most important aim of education. False

(d) Rabindranath Tagore felt that children ought to be subjected to strict discipline. False

Q3. Why did William Jones feel the need to study Indian history, philosophy and law?
Answer -William Jones felt the need to study Indian history, philosophy and law as this will not only help the British learn from Indian culture but it would also help Indian to rediscover their own heritage and understand the lost glories of their past. 

Q 4.Why did James Mill and Thomas Macaulay think that European education was essential in India?

Answer:

1.Both James Mill and Thomas Macaulay saw India as an uncivilized country that needed to be civilized. And for this purpose, European education Was essential. 

2.They felt that knowledge of English would allow Indians to read some of the finest literature of the world, it would make them aware of the developments in Western science and philosophy. 

3. Teaching English could thus be a way of civilizing people, changing their tastes, values, and culture.

Q 5.Why did Mahatma Gandhi want to teach children handicrafts?

Answer:

1. According to him, this would develop a person’s mind and soul.

2. Simply, learning to read and write by itself does not count as education. So, people had to work with their hands, learn a craft, and know-how different things operated.

3. This would develop their mind and their capacity to understand.

Q 6.Why did Mahatma Gandhi think that English education had enslaved Indians?

Answer:

 English education has enslaved Indian :

1. He argued that this type of education had created a sense of inferiority in the minds of Indians.

2. It had made them see Western civilization as superior and had destroyed the pride they had in their own culture. 

3.It had cast an evil spell on Indians.

4. Education in English had crippled them, distanced them from their own surroundings, and made them strangers in their own lands.

Extra questions 

Question.1. Name the different languages that William Jones studied.
Answer. Greek, Latin, English, French, Arabic and Persian.

uestion.2. Why was the Hindu College established in Benaras?
Answer. The Hindu College was established in Benaras to encourage the study of ancient Sanskrit texts that would be useful for the. administration of the country.

Question.3. Name two individuals who sharply attacked the Orientalists.
Answer. James Mill and Thomas Babington Macaulay.

Question.4. Name the places where the British established universities.
Answer. Calcutta, Madras and Bombay.

question.5 .What do you mean by Tagore’s abode of peace?
Answer. Tagore’s Shantniketan was established in a rural setting, 100 kilometres away from Calcutta. He viewed his school as an abode of peace where living in harmony with nature, children would cultivate their natural creativity.

Question.6 .How did Tagore view his school namely Shantniketan?
Answer. He viewed his school as an abode of peace where living in harmony with nature, children would cultivate their natural creativity.

Question 7.What is meant by an Orientalist?

Answer:Orientalists were those who were having scholarly knowledge of the language and culture of Asia.

Question 8:Why did Mahatma Gandhi want to teach children handicrafts?

Answer:Mahatma Gandhi wanted to teach children handicraft because of the following reasons:

• People would work with their hands.
• The craft would develop their minds.
• It would also develop their capacities to understand.

Question 9 :Who is linguist?

Ans. Linguist is someone who knows and studies several languages

Q10 Who started the journal Asiatic researchs?

Ans. Jones set up the Asiatic Society of Bengal, and started a journal called Asiatick Researches.

Q11. What does maddeasa mean?

Ans. Madrasa is an Arabic word for a place of learning; any type of school or college.

Q12.  Who was William Carey?

Ans. William Carey was a Scottish missionary who helped establish the Serampore Mission.

Question 13: What measures were taken by the English Education Act of 1835?

Ans:The following measures were taken under the English Education Act 1835:

1. English was made the medium of instruction for higher education.
2. Promotion of Oriental institutiohs like the Calcutta Madrasa and Benaras Sanskrit College was stopped. These institutions were seen as temples of darkness that were falling of themselves into decay.
3. English textbooks began to be produced for schools.

Question 14 . What measures were taken by the British after issuing of Wood’s Despatch?
Answer:Following meas were taken:

1. Education departments of the government were set up to extend control over all matters regarding education.
2. A system of universities education was introduced. Universities were established in Calcutta, Madras and Bombay.
3. Attempts were also made to bring about changes within the system of school education.

Dateline

1854-Wood’s Despatch

1835-English education Act

1781 –Calcutta Madrasa

1791 – Banaras Hindu college