TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS
1. Why does a democratic country need a Constitution?
Answer A democratic country need a Constitution because
1) The basic ideals on the basis of which we as citizens aspire to live in our country are mentioned in the Constitution.
2. It tells the fundamental nature of society
3. To define the nature of the political system of the country.
4. It serves as asset of rules and principles as the basis by which the country has to be governed.
5. It lays down rules that guard against the misuse of power by any political leader.
(a)-1990 Constitution of Nepal
Par 7: Executive
Article 35: Executive Power: The executive
power of the Kingdom of Nepal shall be vested in His Majesty and the Council of Minister.
( b) 2007 Interim Constitution
Part 5: Executive
The Executive Power: the executive power of
Nepal shall be pursuant to this Constitution and law, be vested in the Council of Ministers.
What is the difference in who exercises ‘Executive Power’ in the above two Constitutions of Nepal
Ans: In Article 35 of the 1990 Constitution of Nepal, the powers to rule the country, to set rules and to manage the country are all vested in the King of the country and the Ministers appointed under him.
However, Article 75 of the 2015 Constitution of Nepal states that the rules, governance and management of the country will be based on the laws mentioned in the Constitution of the country under the supervision of the Ministers.
Q3: What would happen if there were no restrictions on the power of elected representatives?
Ans: If there are no restrictions on the power of the elected representatives
A)the leaders might misuse the powers given to them.
B)This misuse of authority can result in gross injustice.
×4. In each of the following situations, identify the minority. Write one reason why you think it is important to respect the views of the minority in each of these situations.
(a) In a school with 30 teachers, 20 of them are male.
(b) In a city, 5 per cent of the population are Buddhists.
(c) In a factory mess for all employees, 80 per cent are vegetarians.
(d) In a class of 50 students, 40 belong to more well-off families
Answer- (a) Female teachers are in minority. The female teachers must be allowed space to voice their opinion so that their efforts at teaching are not hindered by their minority status.
(b) Buddhists are in minority. Every individual has the right to follow the religion of his/her choice. People of other faith must respect the religion other than their own.
(c) Non-vegetarians are in minority. Food choice is personal wish so he/she should have the freedom to eat what he/she wants.
(d) Under privileged are in minority. Citizens can not be discriminated by their birth so their views have to be respected
5. The column on the left lists some of the key features of the Indian Constitution. In the other column write two sentences, in your own words, on why you think this feature is important:
Key Feature Significance
1) Federalism
2) Separation of Powers
3) Fundamental Rights
4)Parliamentary Form of Government.
Answer- significance
1. Federalism: The central and state governments have their respective powers and cooperate, keeping the nation’s unity and integrity in view.
2. Separation of Powers: This serves two purposes: firstly, tyrannical use of power is avoided since it does not vest power in any single authority. Secondly, the 3 organs of power also work as a check on each other, thereby maintaining a good balance.
3. Fundamental Rights: These are important and and can be enforced by court . They protect citizens against arbitrary and absolute use of power by the State.
4. Parliamentary Form of Government: It upholds universal adult franchise. This entails the fact that the people of a country play a direct role in electing their representatives to run the state as well as the nation
Extra questions
1) Who is known as founding father of Indian constitution?
Answer: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
2) Who was the chairman of Drafting committee of Indian constitution?
Answer: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
3) What were the problems in India when constitution was being written? write any three
Answer: when the constitution of India was being written there was several problem in front of constituent assembly eg. there was people of different religion, language and culture , people were divided into upper and lower class .partition of the country was inevitable.
4) Mention six fundamental rights enshrined our constitution.
ans: There are six fundamental rights in India.
1)They are Right to Equality
2)right to freedom.
3)Right against Exploitation
4)Right to freedom of religion
5)Cultural and Educational Rights and
6)Right to Constitutional Remedies.
Q5: What is democracy?
Ans: Democracy is a form of government in which we choose our leaders so that they can exercise power responsibly on our behalf.
Q6: Define a secular state.
Ans: A secular state is one in which the state does not officially promote any one religion as the state religion.
Q7. Define a "State."
Ans: A "State" refers to a political institution that represents a sovereign people who occupy a definite territory.
Q8. Explain federalism.
Ans: Federalism refers to the existence of more than one level of government in the country.
Students must know
--The idea to have constitution was given by M.N. Roy .
- The constitution Assembly of India was setup under cabinet Mission plan of may 16 ,1946.
-B.N. Rao was appointed the constitutional Advisory of the Assembly.
- Our constitution was adopted on Nov 26 1949,
- The Indian constitution came into effect on Jan 26,1950.
-Fundamental duties : these are defined as the moral obligations of all citizens to help promote a spirit of patriotism as uphold the unity of India . ( art. 51 -A. contain 11 fundamental duties ) -The president of constituent assembly was Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
- the calligrapher of indian constitution was Prem Bihari Raizada .
-The original constitution was Hand written .its each page decorated by artists from Shantiniketan including Boehor Rammanohar Sinha and Nandlal Bose.
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