NCERT Class 8 History Chapter 6 Colonialism and the City

 

Class 8 History Chapter 6 Colonialism and the City

 

Q1.State weather true or false

(a) In the Western world, modern cities grew with industrialisation. True

(b) Surat and Machlipatnam developed in the nineteenth century. False

(c) In the twentieth century, the majority of Indians lived in cities. False

(d) After 1857 no worship was allowed in the Jama Masjid for five years. True

(e)More money was spent on cleaning Old Delhi than New Delhi. False

 

Q2. Fil in the blanks

(a)The first structure to successfully use the dome was called the Jama Masjid.

(b) The two architects who designed New Delhi and Shahjahanabad were Edward Lutyens and Herbert Baker. (Please note that Edward Lutyens and Herbert Baker designed New Delhi and its buildings.

(c) The British saw overcrowded spaces as unhygienic and unhealthy.

(d) In 1888 an extension scheme called the Lahore Gate Improvement Scheme was devised.

Q3.Identify three differences in the city design of New Delhi and Shahjahanabad.
Answer:
Three differences were:

1.      Shahjahanabad was crowded with mohallas, and several dozen bazaars. But New Delhi was not crowded nor were there mazes of narrow by-lanes.

2.      Shahjahanabad was not established in a planned manner while New Delhi was beautifully planned.

3.      There was chaos everywhere in Shahjahanabad. But New Delhi represented a sense of law and order. 

Q 4.Who lived in the ‘white’ areas in cities such as Madras?
Answer:The British lived in the ‘white’ areas in cities such as Madras.

 

Q5.What is meant by de-urbanisation?

Anse-De-urbanisation is a process by which more and more people began to live in villages or rural areas.
In the late 18th century, Calcutta, Bombay and Madras emerged as Presidency cities. They became the centres of British power in different regions of India. At the same time, several smaller cities declined. Old trading centres and ports could not survive when the flow of trade shifted to new centres. Similarly, earlier centres of regional power collapsed with the defeat of local rurals by the British and new centres of administration grew. This process is described as de-urbanisation

Q6.Why did the British choose to hold a grand Durbar in Delhi although it was not a capital?
Answer: The British were aware of the symbolic importance of the city of Delhi. It had been the seat of the Mughal Empire since last four hundred years. The Mughal emperor though had lost all his powers and autonomy, he was still important to the people.  Therefore, the British choose to hold a grand durbar in Delhi with much pump and show to display the power and authority of the British empire.

Q 7.How did the Old City of Delhi change under British rule?
Answer: They wanted Delhi to forget its Mughal past. Hence, the area around the Fort was completely cleared They either destroyed, the mosques or put them to other uses. For example, the Zinat-al-Masjid was converted into a bakery. No worship was allowed in the Jama Masjid for five years.
One-third of the city was demolished and its canals were filled up.
 walls of Shahjahanabad were broken to establish the railway . They developed Civil Lines areas.

Q8.How did the partition affect life in Delhi?

Ans :During partition of British India , millions of people were displaced from their homes. Partition changed the social and economic structure of the city.

 1) As a result, the population of Delhi increased all of a sudden.

2)The job of the people changed and the culture of the city became different.

3)Most of these migrants were from Punjab. They stayed in camps, schools, etc. While some got the opportunity to occupy residences that had been vacated by the Muslims. Yet others were housed in refugee colonies.

4) New colonies like Lajpat Nagar and Tilak Nagar grew at this time.

5) Shops and stalls were set up to cater the needs of the migrants, schools and colleges were opened.

6.Partition changed their lives and occupations. They had to take up new jobs like hawkers, vendors, carpenters, and ironsmiths.

 

Extra question

Q1.In which year did Delhi became the capital of British India?

1.      1931

2.      1947

3.      1941

4.      1911

Ans- 4.

Q2. What term from the list given bolow can be given to the rebirth of art and living. It is often described as a period of high creativity.

1.      Renaissance

2.      De-urbanisation

3.      Globalisation

4.      Urbanisation

Ans.1

Q3.Match the following:

(i) Kingsway	(a) 1947
(ii) Edward Lutyens	(b) Rajpath
(iii) The Partition	(c) Delhi
(iv) Nizamuddin Auliya	(d) Architect

Ans : i -(a) ,  ii -(d) , iii -(a) , iv -c

Q4.How was colonial India divided for administrative purposes?

Ans : Colonial India was divided into 3 “Presidencies” for administrative purposes. Calcutta, Bombay and Madras were the 3 Presidencies which rose in importance under East India Company.

Q5.How was colonial India divided for administrative purposes?

Ans ;Colonial India was divided into 3 “Presidencies” for administrative purposes. Calcutta, Bombay and Madras were the 3 Presidencies which rose in importance under East India Company.

Q6.What were called havelis?

Ans. The Mughal aristocracy in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries lived in grand mansions called havelis.

Q7. Mention the cities that were deurbanized during the nineteenth century

Ans : Machlipatnam, Surat and Seringapatam 

Q:What is Khanqah?

Ans. Khanqah – A sufi lodge, often used as a rest house for travellers and a place where people come to discuss spiritual matters, get the blessings of saints, and hear sufi music.

Q8. Why was a Durbar held in Delhi in 1911?

Ans. In 1911, when King George V was crowned in England, a Durbar was held in Delhi to celebrate the occasion. The decision to shift the capital of India from Calcutta to Delhi was announced at this Durbar.

Q9. Who lived in the “white” areas in cities such as Madras?

Ans. In colonial cities such as Madras, Bombay or Calcutta, the living spaces of Indians and the British were sharply separated. Indians lived in the “black” areas, while the British lived in well-laid out “white” areas.