CH-3 Ruling the Countryside
textbook questions
Question 1: Match the following
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| (a) Ryot | (1) Village |
| (b) Mahal | (2) Peasant |
| (c) Nij cultivation | (3) On ryot's land |
| (d) Ryoti cultivation | (4) On planter's own land |
Answer: (a) → 2, (b) → 1, (c) → 4, (d) → 3
Question 2: Fill in the blanks:
- Growers of woad in Europe saw __________ as a crop which would provide competition to their earnings.
Answer: Indigo - The demand for indigo increased in late eighteenth- century Britain because of __________.
Answer: Increased cotton textiles production - The international demand for indigo was affected by the discovery of __________.
Answer: Synthetic dyes - The Champaran movement was against __________.
Answer: Indigo planters
Question 3: Describe the main features of the Permanent Settlement.
Answer: Main features of Permanent Settlement .
1According to the Permanent settlement , the rajas and taluqdars were recognized as zamindars
2.They were given the responsibility of revenue collection from the peasants.
2.The amount to be paid was fixed permanently and hence the name Permanent Settlement.
Question 4: How was the mahalwari system different from the Permanent Settlement?
Answer:
| Mahalwari system | Permanent settlement |
|---|---|
| 1. The system of Mahalwari was introduced in western part of Gangetic Valley, North-West Province, parts of Central India and Punjab. 2.. It came into effect in 1822. 3.Village headman was responsible for revenue collection | .1..Permanent Settlement was introduced in Bihar and Bengal. 2. It was introduced in 1793. 3.Raja or zamindar was responsible for revenue collection |
| 4.Revenue demand was to be reviewed periodically | 4.Revenue demand was fixed and was not to be increased in future |
Question 5:Give two problems which arose with the new Munro system of fixing revenue
Answer 5: The revenue officials wanted to increase the income from land. Hence, they fixed very high revenue demand. The Peasants were not able to pay the revenue. The ryots fled the countryside and villages became deserted in many regions.
Question 6:Why were ryots reluctant to grow indigo?
Answer 6: The planters paid a very low price for indigo. The ryot was not in a position to even recover his cost, earning a profit was a far-fetched idea. This meant that the ryot was always under debt. Hence, the ryots were reluctant to grow indigo.
Q7..Give two problems which arose with the new Munro system of fixing revenue.
Answer
1.The ryots began to refuse to grow indigo.They were supported by the village headmen and some zamindars in their fight.
2. The Indigo Commission set up by government to enquire into the problems. The Commission accepted the faults of the planters and allowed the ryots to grow whatever they wished. This led to eventual collapse of indigo production in Bengal.
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Q 8: Find out more about the Champaran movement and Mahatma Gandhi's role in it.
Answer
When Mahatma Gandhi returned back from South Africa in 1915 , a peasent from Bihar persuaded Mahatma Gandhi to visit Champaran and look at plight of indigo cultivator .Mahatma Gandhi reached Champaran in 1917 to witness the miserable conditions of the peasants.This visit of Mahatma Gandhi in 1917 was marked as the beginning of the Champaran movement against the Indigo planters.The district officials ordered him to leave Champaran but he refused to comply the orders and started the Satyagraha.
Extra Question
1Q Differentiate between Nij and Ryoti cultivation
NIJ cultivation
1. Under NIJ cultivation, the planter themselves produce indigo
2. Under NIJ cultivation planter directly employ hired labour to produce indigo
Ryoti cultivation
1. under Ryot system, planter get indigo produced by ryot
2. Under ryot system, planter force the ryot to sign an agreement to produce indigo.
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