Class 8 History Chapter 6 Colonialism and the City
Q1.State weather true or false
(a) In the Western world, modern cities grew with
industrialisation. True
(b) Surat and Machlipatnam developed in the nineteenth
century. False
(c) In the twentieth century, the majority of Indians
lived in cities. False
(d) After 1857 no worship was allowed in the Jama Masjid
for five years. True
(e)More money was spent on cleaning Old Delhi than New
Delhi. False
Q2. Fil in the blanks
(a)The first structure
to successfully use the dome was called the Jama Masjid.
(b) The two architects who designed New Delhi and Shahjahanabad were Edward
Lutyens and Herbert Baker. (Please note that Edward
Lutyens and Herbert Baker designed New Delhi and its buildings.
(c) The British saw overcrowded spaces as unhygienic and unhealthy.
(d) In 1888 an extension scheme called the Lahore Gate
Improvement Scheme was devised.
Q3.Identify
three differences in the city design of New Delhi and Shahjahanabad.
Answer:
Three differences were:
1. Shahjahanabad was crowded
with mohallas, and several dozen bazaars. But New Delhi was not crowded nor
were there mazes of narrow by-lanes.
2. Shahjahanabad was not
established in a planned manner while New Delhi was beautifully planned.
3. There was chaos everywhere
in Shahjahanabad. But New Delhi represented a sense of law and order.
Q 4.Who lived in the ‘white’ areas in cities such as
Madras?
Answer:The British lived in the ‘white’ areas in
cities such as Madras.
Q5.What is meant by de-urbanisation?
Anse-De-urbanisation is a process by which more and
more people began to live in villages or rural areas.
In the late 18th century, Calcutta, Bombay and
Madras emerged as Presidency cities. They became the centres of British power
in different regions of India. At the same time, several smaller cities
declined. Old trading centres and ports could not survive when the flow of
trade shifted to new centres. Similarly, earlier centres of regional power
collapsed with the defeat of local rurals by the British and new centres of
administration grew. This process is described as de-urbanisation
Q6.Why did the British choose to hold a grand Durbar in
Delhi although it was not a capital?
Answer: The British were aware of
the symbolic importance of the city of Delhi. It had been the seat of the
Mughal Empire since last four hundred years. The Mughal emperor though had lost
all his powers and autonomy, he was still important to the people. Therefore, the British choose to hold a grand
durbar in Delhi with much pump and show to display the power and authority of
the British empire.
Q 7.How did the Old City of Delhi change under British
rule?
Answer: They wanted Delhi to forget its Mughal past. Hence, the area around the
Fort was completely cleared They either destroyed, the mosques or put them to
other uses. For example, the Zinat-al-Masjid was converted into a bakery. No
worship was allowed in the Jama Masjid for five years.
One-third of the city was demolished and its
canals were filled up.
walls of
Shahjahanabad were broken to establish the railway . They developed Civil Lines
areas.
Q8.How did the partition affect life in Delhi?
Ans
:During
partition of British India , millions of people were displaced from their
homes. Partition changed the social and economic structure of the city.
1) As a result, the population of Delhi increased all of a
sudden.
2)The job of the people
changed and the culture of the city became different.
3)Most of these migrants
were from Punjab. They stayed in camps, schools, etc. While some got the
opportunity to occupy residences that had been vacated by the Muslims. Yet
others were housed in refugee colonies.
4) New colonies like Lajpat
Nagar and Tilak Nagar grew at this time.
5) Shops and stalls were set
up to cater the needs of the migrants, schools and colleges were opened.
6.Partition changed their
lives and occupations. They had to take up new jobs like hawkers, vendors,
carpenters, and ironsmiths.
Extra question
Q1.In which year did Delhi
became the capital of British India?
1. 1931
2. 1947
3. 1941
4. 1911
Ans- 4.
Q2. What term from the list given bolow
can be given to the rebirth of art and living. It is often described as a
period of high creativity.
1. Renaissance
2. De-urbanisation
3. Globalisation
4. Urbanisation
Ans.1
Q3.Match
the following:
|
(i)
Kingsway |
(a)
1947 |
|
(ii)
Edward Lutyens |
(b)
Rajpath |
|
(iii)
The Partition |
(c)
Delhi |
|
(iv)
Nizamuddin Auliya |
(d)
Architect |
Ans : i -(a) , ii -(d) , iii -(a) , iv -c
Q4.How was colonial India divided for administrative
purposes?
Ans : Colonial India was divided into 3 “Presidencies”
for administrative purposes. Calcutta, Bombay and Madras were the 3
Presidencies which rose in importance under East India Company.
Q5.How was colonial India divided for administrative
purposes?
Ans ;Colonial India was divided into 3 “Presidencies” for
administrative purposes. Calcutta, Bombay and Madras were the 3 Presidencies
which rose in importance under East India Company.
Q6.What were called
havelis?
Ans. The Mughal aristocracy in the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries lived in grand mansions called havelis.
Q7. Mention the
cities that were deurbanized during the nineteenth century
Ans
: Machlipatnam, Surat and Seringapatam
Q:What is Khanqah?
Ans. Khanqah – A sufi lodge, often used as a rest house for
travellers and a place where people come to discuss spiritual matters, get the
blessings of saints, and hear sufi music.
Q8. Why was a Durbar
held in Delhi in 1911?
Ans. In 1911, when King George V was crowned in
England, a Durbar was held in Delhi to celebrate the occasion. The decision to
shift the capital of India from Calcutta to Delhi was announced at this Durbar.
Q9. Who lived in the
“white” areas in cities such as Madras?
Ans. In colonial cities such as
Madras, Bombay or Calcutta, the living spaces of Indians and the British were
sharply separated. Indians lived in the “black” areas, while the British
lived in well-laid out “white” areas.
