DRAINAGE
Q1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) In which of the following states is the Wular lake located?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Punjab
(d) Jammu and Kashmir
Ans: (d) Jammu and Kashmir state.
ii) The river Narmada has its source at
(a) Satpura
(b) Brahmagiri
(c) Amarkantak
(d) Slopes of the Western Ghats
Ans: (c) Amarkantak
(iii) Which one of the following lakes is a salt water lake?
(a) Sambhar
(b) Dal
(c) Wular
(d) Gobind Sagar
Ans: (a) Sambhar
(v) Which one amongst the following rivers flows through a rift
valley?
(a) Mahanadi
(b) Tungabhadra
(c) Krishna
(d) Tapi
Ans: (d) Tapi
Q2. Answer the following questions briefly.
(i) What is meant by a water divide? Give an example.
Ans: A water divide is an elevated area, such as a mountain or an upland,
that separates two drainage basins. For example western Ghat, Vidhyachal moutain range .
(ii) Which is the largest river basin in India?
Ans: The Ganga River basin is the largest one in India. The length of this
basin is over 2,500 km.
(iii) Where do the rivers Indus and Ganga have their origin?
Ans: The Indus originates in Tibet, near Mansarovar Lake. The Ganga
River originates at the Gangotri Glacier on the southern slopes of the
Himalayas.
(iv) Name the two headstreams of the Ganga. Where do they meet to
form the Ganga?
Ans: The two headstreams of the Ganga are the Bhagirathi and the
Alaknanda. They meet to form the Ganga at Devaprayag in Uttarakhand.
(v) Why does the Brahmaputra in its Tibetan part have less silt,
despite a longer course?
Ans: The Brahmaputra in its Tibetan part, carries a smaller volume of water
and less silt as it is a cold and dry area.
(vi) Which two Peninsular rivers flow through trough?
Ans: The Narmada and the Tapi are the two peninsular rivers that flow
through the trough.
(vii) State some economic benefits of rivers and lakes.
Ans: Economic benefits of rivers:
i● Rivers provide water, which is a basic natural resource for various
human activities.
ii● They are used for irrigation, navigation, and generation of
hydroelectric power.
iii● They have a moderating influence on the climate of the
surroundings and maintain the aquatic ecosystem.
Economic benefits of lakes:
i● They help to regulate the flow of a river.
ii● They prevent flooding at times of heavy rainfall and during the dry
season, they help to maintain an even flow of water.
iii● They also have a moderating influence on the surrounding climatic
conditions and maintain the aquatic ecosystem.
iv● They enhance natural beauty and recreational activities by
encouraging tourism.
v● Lakes are also used for the generation of hydroelectricity.
Q3. Below are given names of a few lakes of India. Group them under
two categories − natural and created by human beings.
(a) Wular
(b) Dal
(c) Nainital
(d) Bhimtal
(e) Gobind Sagar
(f) Loktak
(g) Barapani
(h) Chilika
(i) Sambhar
(j) Rana Pratap Sagar
(k) Nizam Sagar
(l) Pulicat
(m) Nagarjuna Sagar
(n) Hirakund
B
(a) Wular
(b) Dal
(c) Nainital
(d) Bhimtal
(f) Loktak
(g) Barapani
(h) Chilika
(i) Sambhar
(l) Pulicat
Lakes created by human beings
(e) Gobind Sagar
(j) Rana Pratap Sagar
(k) Nizam Sagar
(m) Nagarjuna Sagar
(n) Hirakund
Q4. Discuss the significant difference between the Himalayan and the
Peninsular rivers.
Ans:
The Himalayan Rivers
(i) They are perennial rivers. They get water from both the melted snow and heavy rainfall.
ii) They perform an immense erosional activity in the upper course.
(iii) They have long courses from their source to the mouth.
iv) They carry a large amount of silt and sand, which is renewed every year by annual floods. Therefore they are good for agriculture.
(v) The Ganga, the Indus, the Brahmaputra are major Himalayan rivers
Peninsular Rivers
(i) They are seasonal in nature. They depend on rainfall only.
(ii) They do not perform any erosional activity in the upper course.
(iii) They have shorter and shallower courses.
(iv) These rivers do not carry much silt, there are no major plains. Fertile lands are only found in the small delta areas.
(v) The Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna, the Kaveri, the Narmada and the Tapi are major Peninsular rivers.
Q5. Compare the east-flowing and the west-flowing rivers of the
Peninsular Plateau.
Ans:
The East Flowing Rivers
(i) The Mahanadi, the Godavari, the
Krishna and the Kaveri are the east-flowing rivers of Peninsular India.
ii) These rivers drain into the Bay of Bengal.
iii) These rivers form deltas on the east coast.
iv) These rivers have a developed and large tributary system.
The West Flowing Rivers
(i) The Narmada and the Tapi are the major west-flowing rivers of Peninsular India.
(ii) These rivers drain into the Arabian Sea.
(iii) These rivers form estuaries on the west coast.
(iv) These rivers are devoid of any developed tributary system
Q6. Why are rivers important for the country’s economy?
Ans: The rivers are important for the country’s economy due to the following reasons:
a)It is an important source of natural freshwater, which is required for
the survival of most animals, including humans.
b)River water is used for various purposes like domestic, industrial,
and agricultural purposes.
c)The presence of rivers boosts trade and commerce by helping in
the easy transport of goods. They are also a potential source of energy.
d)River water is also used to run hydroelectric dams.
e)It is also used for navigation and transport, thus important for commercial activities.
f)It also provides fishing and great scenic and recreational value.
Thus, serve as good tourist spots.
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